齐天乐 中秋宿真定驿
宋 史达祖
古诗词:齐天乐 中秋宿真定驿原文翻译+全文注释译文+原著赏析
原文:
[宋] 史达祖西风来劝凉云去,天东放开金镜。照野霜凝,如河桂湿,一一冰壶相映。殊方路永。更分破秋光,尽成悲境。有客踌躇,古庭空自吊孤影。江南朋旧在许,也能怜天际,诗思谁领。梦断刀头,书开虿尾,别有相思随定。忧心耿耿。对风鹊残枝,露蛩荒井。斟酌妲娥,九秋宫殿冷。
注释:
作品赏析:
【注释】:南宋开禧年间的六月,史达祖与南宋使团离开临安,前赴金国恭贺金主生日,八月中秋到达河北真定,夜晚住宿在真定馆驿中 ,这首词就是在馆驿中写成。这首词有两个写作背景:一是以一个南宋官吏的身份前往曾是北宋疆土的异国祝寿,二是恰逢中国的传统佳节——中秋节,这两个背景注定了这首词一定带有十分悲壮的风格。
上阕先从“ 中秋”写起。头两句即是佳句:“西风来劝凉云去,天东放开金镜”。其中共有四个意象:西风、凉云、天东、金镜,它们共同组成了一幅“中秋之夜 ”的美妙图画。其奥妙之处尤在于“ 来劝”、“放开 ”这两组动词的运用 ,它们就把这幅静态的“图象 ”变换成了动态的“电影镜头”。原来,入夜时分,天气并不十分晴朗。此时,一阵清风吹来,拂开和驱散了残存的凉云——作者在此用了一个“来劝”,就使这个风吹残云的动作赋有了“ 人情味”:时值佳节,就让普天下团圆和不团圆的人都能看到这一年一度圆亮如金镜的中秋明月吧。果然有眼,它终于同意“放行 ”,于是一轮金光澄亮的圆月马上就在东边地平线上冉冉升起。所以这两个句子既写出了景,又包含了自己的情愫,为下文的继续写景和含情埋下了伏笔。“ 照野霜凝,入河桂湿,—— 冰壶相映”三句,就承接上文,写出了月光普洒大地、惨白一片的夜色,以及大河中的月影与天上的圆月两相辉映的清景,于中流露了自己的乡思客愁。李白诗云:“床前明月光,疑是地上霜。举头望明月,低头思故乡”(《静夜思》),苏轼词云:“明月如霜”(《 永遇乐》),史词的“照野霜凝 ”即由此演化而来,并体现了自己的思乡愁绪。“殊方路永”一句,语似突然而起,实是从题中“真定驿”生出。临安出发,过淮河,入金境,便是殊方异国,故云“殊方 ”;到了真定,已走过一段漫长的路程,但再到目的地燕京还有相当长的路要走,故云“路永 ”。这个四字押韵句自成一意,起了转折和开启下文的作用:上面交待了中秋月色,至此就转入抒情。“殊方路永”四字读来,已感到伤感之情的深切,而令人难堪的更在今夜偏又是中秋节!故而“独在异乡为异客”与“每逢佳节倍思亲”的两重悲绪就交织在一起,终于凝成了下面这两句词语:“更分破秋光,尽成悲境”。中秋为秋季之中,故曰“分破秋光”,而“分破 ”的字面又分明寓有分离之意 ,因此在已成“殊方”的故土,见中秋月色,便再无一点欢意,“尽成悲境”而已矣!下两句即顺着此意把自己与“真定驿”与“中秋 ”合在一起写:“有客踌躇,古庭空自吊孤影。”月于“影”字见出。驿站古庭的悲寂气氛,与中秋冷月的凄寒色调,就使作者中夜不眠、踌躇徘徊的形象衬托得更加孤单忧郁,也使他此时此地的心情显得更其凄凉悲切。王国维《人间词话》十分强调词要写“真景物”和“真感情”,谓之“有境界”。此情此景,就使本词出现了景真情深的“ 境界”,也使它具有了“忧从中来”的强烈艺术效果。
不过,在上阕中,词人还仅言其“悲”而未具体交待其所“悲”为何,虽然在“殊方路永”四字中已经隐约透露其为思乡客愁 。我们只知道,词人犹豫,词人徘徊,词人在月下形影相吊,然而尚未直探其内心世界的奥妙。这个任务,便在下阕中渐次完成。它共分两层:一层写其对于江南密友的相思之情,这是明说的;另一层则抒其对于北宋故国的亡国之悲,这又是“暗说”的。先看第一层:“ 江南朋旧在许,也能怜天际,诗思谁领?”起句与上阕末句暗有“勾连”,因上阕的“ 孤影”就自然引出下阕的“朋旧”,换头有自然之妙。“ 在许 ”者,在何许也,不在身边也。“也能怜天际”是说他们此刻面对中秋圆月,也肯定会思念起远在“天际 ”的我。“诗思谁领”则更加进了一步,意谓:尽管他们遥怜故人,但因他们身在故乡,因而对于我在异乡绝域思念他们的乡愁客思缺乏切身体验和领受,故只好自叹一声“ 诗思谁领”(客愁化为“诗思”)。从这万般无奈的自言自语的反问句中,我们深深地感觉到:词人此时此刻的愁绪是其他人都无法代为体会、代为领受的。其感情之深浓,于此可知。接下“梦断刀头,书开虿尾,别有相思随定”,就续写他好梦难成和写信寄情的举动,以继续抒发自己的相思之愁。这里,他使用了两个典故 :“刀头”和“虿尾”,其主要用心则放在前一典故上面。《汉书·李陵传 》载李陵降匈奴后,故人任立政出使匈奴,意欲暗地劝说李陵还汉。他见到李后,一面说话,一面屡次手摸自己的刀环。环、还音同,暗示要李归汉。又刀环在刀头,后人便以“刀头”作为“还”的隐语。唐吴兢《乐府古题要解》说《古绝句》中“何当大刀头”一句云:“刀头有环,问夫何时当还也”,即此意。此处说“梦断刀头”即言思乡之好梦难成,还乡之暂时无法,所以便开笔作书(“书开虿尾”),“别有相思随定 ”,让自己的相思之情随书而传达到朋旧那里去吧。以上是第一层 。第二层则把思乡之情进而扩展。先点以“ 忧心耿耿 ”四字。这耿耿忧心是为何?作者似乎不便明言。以下便接以景语 :“ 对风鹊残枝,露蛩荒井。 ”这两句既是实写真定驿中的所见所闻,又含蓄地融化了前人的诗意,以这些词语中所贮蓄的“历史积淀 ”来调动读者对于“国土沦亡”的联想。曹操诗云 :“月明星稀,乌鹊南飞。绕树三匝,何枝可依?(《短歌行》)史词的“风鹊残枝”基本由此而来,不过它又在鹊上加一“ 风”,在枝上加一“残”,这就使得原先就很悲凉的意境中更添入了一种凄冷残破的感情成分。至于“露蛩荒井”的意象,则我们更可在前人寄寓家国之感的诗词中常见。比如较史达祖稍前一些的姜夔,他就有一首咏蟋蟀(蛩即蟋蟀之别名)的名篇《 齐天乐 》,其“露湿铜铺,苔侵石井,都是曾听伊处”,即与史词意象相似。因而读着这“风鹊残枝,露蛩荒井”八字,读者很快便会浮现出姜词下文“候馆迎秋,离宫吊月,别有伤心无数”的不尽联想。作者巧以“景语 ”来抒情的功力既于此可见,而作者暗伤北宋沦亡的情感也于此隐隐欲出。但作者此词既是写中秋夜宿真定驿,故而在写足了驿庭中凄清的景象之后,又当再回到“中秋”上来。于是他又举头望明月,举杯酌姮娥(即与姮娥对饮之意),其时只见月中宫殿正被包围在一片凄冷的风露之中。这两句诗从杜甫《月》诗“斟酌姮娥寡,天寒奈九秋”中演化开来,既写出了夜已转深、寒意渐浓,又进一步暗写了北宋宫殿正如月中宫殿那样,早就“冷”不堪言了。前文中暗伏而欲出的亡国之痛,就通过“宫殿”二字既豁然醒目、却又“ 王顾左右而言他”(表面仅言月中宫殿)地“饱满”写出!全词以中秋之月而兴起,又以中秋之月而结束,通过在驿庭中的所见所闻、所思所感,展现了作者思乡怀旧、忧思百端的复杂心态,具有一定的思想深度和艺术感染力。从词风来看,此词也一改作者平素“ 妥帖轻圆”的作风,而显出深沉悲慨的风格,在某种程度上带有了辛派词人的刚劲苍凉风格(比如开头五句的写景,结尾两句的写人月对斟和中秋冷月 )。这肯定是与他的“身之所历,目之所见 ”,是密不可分的 。清人王昶说过:“南宋词多《 黍离》、《麦秀 》之悲”(《赌棋山庄词话》卷一引 ),从史达祖这首出使金邦而作的《齐天乐》中,就能很明显地看出这一点。
拼音版对照
[ song] shi da zu
xi feng lai quan liang yun qu, tian dong fang kai jin jing。 zhao ye shuang ning, ru he gui shi, yi yi bing hu xiang ying。 shu fang lu yong。 geng fen po qiu guang, jin cheng bei jing。 you ke chou chu, gu ting kong zi diao gu ying。 jiang nan peng jiu zai xu, ye neng lian tian ji, shi si shui ling。 meng duan dao tou, shu kai chai wei, bie you xiang si sui ding。 you xin geng geng。 dui feng que can zhi, lu tun huang jing。 zhen zhuo da e, jiu qiu gong dian leng。
nan song kai xi nian jian de liu yue, shi da zu yu nan song shi tuan li kai lin an, qian fu jin guo gong he jin zhu sheng ri, ba yue zhong qiu dao da he bei zhen ding, ye wan zhu xiu zai zhen ding guan yi zhong , zhe shou ci jiu shi zai guan yi zhong xie cheng。 zhe shou ci you liang ge xie zuo bei jing: yi shi yi yi ge nan song guan li de shen fen qian wang zeng shi bei song jiang tu de yi guo zhu shou, er shi qia feng zhong guo de chuan tong jia jie—— zhong qiu jie, zhe liang ge bei jing zhu ding le zhe shou ci yi ding dai you shi fen bei zhuang de feng ge。
shang que xian cong“ zhong qiu” xie qi。 tou liang ju ji shi jia ju:“ xi feng lai quan liang yun qu, tian dong fang kai jin jing”。 qi zhong gong you si ge yi xiang: xi feng、 liang yun、 tian dong、 jin jing, ta men gong tong zu cheng le yi fu“ zhong qiu zhi ye ” de mei miao tu hua。 qi ao miao zhi chu you zai yu“ lai quan”、“ fang kai ” zhe liang zu dong ci de yun yong , ta men jiu ba zhe fu jing tai de“ tu xiang ” bian huan cheng le dong tai de“ dian ying jing tou”。 yuan lai, ru ye shi fen, tian qi bing bu shi fen qing lang。 ci shi, yi zhen qing feng chui lai, fu kai he qu san le can cun de liang yun—— zuo zhe zai ci yong le yi ge“ lai quan”, jiu shi zhe ge feng chui can yun de dong zuo fu you le“ ren qing wei”: shi zhi jia jie, jiu rang pu tian xia tuan yuan he bu tuan yuan de ren dou neng kan dao zhe yi nian yi du yuan liang ru jin jing de zhong qiu ming yue ba。 guo ran you yan, ta zhong yu tong yi“ fang xing ”, yu shi yi lun jin guang cheng liang de yuan yue ma shang jiu zai dong bian di ping xian shang ran ran sheng qi。 suo yi zhe liang ge ju zi ji xie chu le jing, you bao han le zi ji de qing su, wei xia wen de ji xu xie jing he han qing mai xia le fu bi。“ zhao ye shuang ning, ru he gui shi,—— bing hu xiang ying” san ju, jiu cheng jie shang wen, xie chu le yue guang pu sa da di、 can bai yi pian de ye se, yi ji da he zhong de yue ying yu tian shang de yuan yue liang xiang hui ying de qing jing, yu zhong liu lu le zi ji de xiang si ke chou。 li bai shi yun:“ chuang qian ming yue guang, yi shi di shang shuang。 ju tou wang ming yue, di tou si gu xiang”(《 jing ye si》), su shi ci yun:“ ming yue ru shuang”(《 yong yu le》), shi ci de“ zhao ye shuang ning ” ji you ci yan hua er lai, bing ti xian le zi ji de si xiang chou xu。“ shu fang lu yong” yi ju, yu si tu ran er qi, shi shi cong ti zhong“ zhen ding yi” sheng chu。 lin an chu fa, guo huai he, ru jin jing, bian shi shu fang yi guo, gu yun“ shu fang ”; dao le zhen ding, yi zou guo yi duan man chang de lu cheng, dan zai dao mu de di yan jing hai you xiang dang chang de lu yao zou, gu yun“ lu yong ”。 zhe ge si zi ya yun ju zi cheng yi yi, qi le zhuan zhe he kai qi xia wen de zuo yong: shang mian jiao dai le zhong qiu yue se, zhi ci jiu zhuan ru shu qing。“ shu fang lu yong” si zi du lai, yi gan dao shang gan zhi qing de shen qie, er ling ren nan kan de geng zai jin ye pian you shi zhong qiu jie! gu er“ du zai yi xiang wei yi ke” yu“ mei feng jia jie bei si qin” de liang zhong bei xu jiu jiao zhi zai yi qi, zhong yu ning cheng le xia mian zhe liang ju ci yu:“ geng fen po qiu guang, jin cheng bei jing”。 zhong qiu wei qiu ji zhi zhong, gu yue“ fen po qiu guang”, er“ fen po ” de zi mian you fen ming yu you fen li zhi yi , yin ci zai yi cheng“ shu fang” de gu tu, jian zhong qiu yue se, bian zai wu yi dian huan yi,“ jin cheng bei jing” er yi yi! xia liang ju ji shun zhe ci yi ba zi ji yu“ zhen ding yi” yu“ zhong qiu ” he zai yi qi xie:“ you ke chou chu, gu ting kong zi diao gu ying。” yue yu“ ying” zi jian chu。 yi zhan gu ting de bei ji qi fen, yu zhong qiu leng yue de qi han se tiao, jiu shi zuo zhe zhong ye bu mian、 chou chu pai huai de xing xiang chen tuo de geng jia gu dan you yu, ye shi ta ci shi ci di de xin qing xian de geng qi qi liang bei qie。 wang guo wei《 ren jian ci hua》 shi fen qiang tiao ci yao xie“ zhen jing wu” he“ zhen gan qing”, wei zhi“ you jing jie”。 ci qing ci jing, jiu shi ben ci chu xian le jing zhen qing shen de“ jing jie”, ye shi ta ju you le“ you cong zhong lai” de qiang lie yi shu xiao guo。
bu guo, zai shang que zhong, ci ren hai jin yan qi“ bei” er wei ju ti jiao dai qi suo“ bei” wei he, sui ran zai“ shu fang lu yong” si zi zhong yi jing yin yue tou lu qi wei si xiang ke chou 。 wo men zhi zhi dao, ci ren you yu, ci ren pai huai, ci ren zai yue xia xing ying xiang diao, ran er shang wei zhi tan qi nei xin shi jie de ao miao。 zhe ge ren wu, bian zai xia que zhong jian ci wan cheng。 ta gong fen liang ceng: yi ceng xie qi dui yu jiang nan mi you de xiang si zhi qing, zhe shi ming shuo de; ling yi ceng ze shu qi dui yu bei song gu guo de wang guo zhi bei, zhe you shi“ an shuo” de。 xian kan di yi ceng:“ jiang nan peng jiu zai xu, ye neng lian tian ji, shi si shui ling?” qi ju yu shang que mo ju an you“ gou lian”, yin shang que de“ gu ying” jiu zi ran yin chu xia que de“ peng jiu”, huan tou you zi ran zhi miao。“ zai xu ” zhe, zai he xu ye, bu zai shen bian ye。“ ye neng lian tian ji” shi shuo ta men ci ke mian dui zhong qiu yuan yue, ye ken ding hui si nian qi yuan zai“ tian ji ” de wo。“ shi si shui ling” ze geng jia jin le yi bu, yi wei: jin guan ta men yao lian gu ren, dan yin ta men shen zai gu xiang, yin er dui yu wo zai yi xiang jue yu si nian ta men de xiang chou ke si que fa qie shen ti yan he ling shou, gu zhi hao zi tan yi sheng“ shi si shui ling”( ke chou hua wei“ shi si”)。 cong zhe wan ban wu nai de zi yan zi yu de fan wen ju zhong, wo men shen shen di gan jiao dao: ci ren ci shi ci ke de chou xu shi qi ta ren dou wu fa dai wei ti hui、 dai wei ling shou de。 qi gan qing zhi shen nong, yu ci ke zhi。 jie xia“ meng duan dao tou, shu kai chai wei, bie you xiang si sui ding”, jiu xu xie ta hao meng nan cheng he xie xin ji qing de ju dong, yi ji xu shu fa zi ji de xiang si zhi chou。 zhe li, ta shi yong le liang ge dian gu :“ dao tou” he“ chai wei”, qi zhu yao yong xin ze fang zai qian yi dian gu shang mian。《 han shu· li ling chuan 》 zai li ling jiang xiong nu hou, gu ren ren li zheng chu shi xiong nu, yi yu an di quan shuo li ling hai han。 ta jian dao li hou, yi mian shuo hua, yi mian lv ci shou mo zi ji de dao huan。 huan、 hai yin tong, an shi yao li gui han。 you dao huan zai dao tou, hou ren bian yi“ dao tou” zuo wei“ hai” de yin yu。 tang wu jing《 le fu gu ti yao jie》 shuo《 gu jue ju》 zhong“ he dang da dao tou” yi ju yun:“ dao tou you huan, wen fu he shi dang hai ye”, ji ci yi。 ci chu shuo“ meng duan dao tou” ji yan si xiang zhi hao meng nan cheng, hai xiang zhi zan shi wu fa, suo yi bian kai bi zuo shu(“ shu kai chai wei”),“ bie you xiang si sui ding ”, rang zi ji de xiang si zhi qing sui shu er chuan da dao peng jiu na li qu ba。 yi shang shi di yi ceng 。 di er ceng ze ba si xiang zhi qing jin er kuo zhan。 xian dian yi“ you xin geng geng ” si zi。 zhe geng geng you xin shi wei he? zuo zhe si hu bu bian ming yan。 yi xia bian jie yi jing yu :“ dui feng que can zhi, lu tun huang jing。 ” zhe liang ju ji shi shi xie zhen ding yi zhong de suo jian suo wen, you han xu di rong hua le qian ren de shi yi, yi zhe xie ci yu zhong suo zhu xu de“ li shi ji dian ” lai tiao dong du zhe dui yu“ guo tu lun wang” de lian xiang。 cao cao shi yun :“ yue ming xing xi, wu que nan fei。 rao shu san za, he zhi ke yi?(《 duan ge xing》) shi ci de“ feng que can zhi” ji ben you ci er lai, bu guo ta you zai que shang jia yi“ feng”, zai zhi shang jia yi“ can”, zhe jiu shi de yuan xian jiu hen bei liang de yi jing zhong geng tian ru le yi zhong qi leng can po de gan qing cheng fen。 zhi yu“ lu tun huang jing” de yi xiang, ze wo men geng ke zai qian ren ji yu jia guo zhi gan de shi ci zhong chang jian。 bi ru jiao shi da zu shao qian yi xie de jiang kui, ta jiu you yi shou yong xi shuai( tun ji xi shuai zhi bie ming) de ming pian《 qi tian le 》, qi“ lu shi tong pu, tai qin shi jing, dou shi zeng ting yi chu”, ji yu shi ci yi xiang xiang si。 yin er du zhe zhe“ feng que can zhi, lu tun huang jing” ba zi, du zhe hen kuai bian hui fu xian chu jiang ci xia wen“ hou guan ying qiu, li gong diao yue, bie you shang xin wu shu” de bu jin lian xiang。 zuo zhe qiao yi“ jing yu ” lai shu qing de gong li ji yu ci ke jian, er zuo zhe an shang bei song lun wang de qing gan ye yu ci yin yin yu chu。 dan zuo zhe ci ci ji shi xie zhong qiu ye xiu zhen ding yi, gu er zai xie zu le yi ting zhong qi qing de jing xiang zhi hou, you dang zai hui dao“ zhong qiu” shang lai。 yu shi ta you ju tou wang ming yue, ju bei zhuo?? se? cong?? qu za?? guo?? guan bi huan? lun xie? fang? hua?г pian huang? he lai mu bian dun? xiaoU chi jiao guan? yong ouΑ dui long fei? ba chuan?? er xuan? jing? wei pai sha bi xing chun?? chu? ren chuang juan sou gua yan? sui⒑? tunヅǎ? zhi? huai jiang di chuo shun bi wei? fang? liao lun xie? jin qie?? ti ting ao huan bei huan ba yue shuG ba nao xie dao??? bao nai yu?? chu? tunü? ang? sui bei? zhi ran tuo huang ya jun⑷ cong zhen wang gu zuo you er yan ta”( biao mian jin yan yue zhong gong dian) di“ bao man” xie chu! quan ci yi zhong qiu zhi yue er xing qi, you yi zhong qiu zhi yue er jie shu, tong guo zai yi ting zhong de suo jian suo wen、 suo si suo gan, zhan xian le zuo zhe si xiang huai jiu、 you si bai duan de fu za xin tai, ju you yi ding de si xiang shen du he yi shu gan ran li。 cong ci feng lai kan, ci ci ye yi gai zuo zhe ping su“ tuo tie qing yuan” de zuo feng, er xian chu shen chen bei kai de feng ge, zai mou zhong cheng du shang dai you le xin pai ci ren de gang jin cang liang feng ge( bi ru kai tou wu ju de xie jing, jie wei liang ju de xie ren yue dui zhen he zhong qiu leng yue )。 zhe ken ding shi yu ta de“ shen zhi suo li, mu zhi suo jian ”, shi mi bu ke fen de 。 qing ren wang chang shuo guo:“ nan song ci duo《 shu li》、《 mai xiu 》 zhi bei”(《 du qi shan zhuang ci hua》 juan yi yin ), cong shi da zu zhe shou chu shi jin bang er zuo de《 qi tian le》 zhong, jiu neng hen ming xian di kan chu zhe yi dian。
xi feng lai quan liang yun qu, tian dong fang kai jin jing。 zhao ye shuang ning, ru he gui shi, yi yi bing hu xiang ying。 shu fang lu yong。 geng fen po qiu guang, jin cheng bei jing。 you ke chou chu, gu ting kong zi diao gu ying。 jiang nan peng jiu zai xu, ye neng lian tian ji, shi si shui ling。 meng duan dao tou, shu kai chai wei, bie you xiang si sui ding。 you xin geng geng。 dui feng que can zhi, lu tun huang jing。 zhen zhuo da e, jiu qiu gong dian leng。
zhu shi:
zuo pin shang xi:
【 zhu shi】:nan song kai xi nian jian de liu yue, shi da zu yu nan song shi tuan li kai lin an, qian fu jin guo gong he jin zhu sheng ri, ba yue zhong qiu dao da he bei zhen ding, ye wan zhu xiu zai zhen ding guan yi zhong , zhe shou ci jiu shi zai guan yi zhong xie cheng。 zhe shou ci you liang ge xie zuo bei jing: yi shi yi yi ge nan song guan li de shen fen qian wang zeng shi bei song jiang tu de yi guo zhu shou, er shi qia feng zhong guo de chuan tong jia jie—— zhong qiu jie, zhe liang ge bei jing zhu ding le zhe shou ci yi ding dai you shi fen bei zhuang de feng ge。
shang que xian cong“ zhong qiu” xie qi。 tou liang ju ji shi jia ju:“ xi feng lai quan liang yun qu, tian dong fang kai jin jing”。 qi zhong gong you si ge yi xiang: xi feng、 liang yun、 tian dong、 jin jing, ta men gong tong zu cheng le yi fu“ zhong qiu zhi ye ” de mei miao tu hua。 qi ao miao zhi chu you zai yu“ lai quan”、“ fang kai ” zhe liang zu dong ci de yun yong , ta men jiu ba zhe fu jing tai de“ tu xiang ” bian huan cheng le dong tai de“ dian ying jing tou”。 yuan lai, ru ye shi fen, tian qi bing bu shi fen qing lang。 ci shi, yi zhen qing feng chui lai, fu kai he qu san le can cun de liang yun—— zuo zhe zai ci yong le yi ge“ lai quan”, jiu shi zhe ge feng chui can yun de dong zuo fu you le“ ren qing wei”: shi zhi jia jie, jiu rang pu tian xia tuan yuan he bu tuan yuan de ren dou neng kan dao zhe yi nian yi du yuan liang ru jin jing de zhong qiu ming yue ba。 guo ran you yan, ta zhong yu tong yi“ fang xing ”, yu shi yi lun jin guang cheng liang de yuan yue ma shang jiu zai dong bian di ping xian shang ran ran sheng qi。 suo yi zhe liang ge ju zi ji xie chu le jing, you bao han le zi ji de qing su, wei xia wen de ji xu xie jing he han qing mai xia le fu bi。“ zhao ye shuang ning, ru he gui shi,—— bing hu xiang ying” san ju, jiu cheng jie shang wen, xie chu le yue guang pu sa da di、 can bai yi pian de ye se, yi ji da he zhong de yue ying yu tian shang de yuan yue liang xiang hui ying de qing jing, yu zhong liu lu le zi ji de xiang si ke chou。 li bai shi yun:“ chuang qian ming yue guang, yi shi di shang shuang。 ju tou wang ming yue, di tou si gu xiang”(《 jing ye si》), su shi ci yun:“ ming yue ru shuang”(《 yong yu le》), shi ci de“ zhao ye shuang ning ” ji you ci yan hua er lai, bing ti xian le zi ji de si xiang chou xu。“ shu fang lu yong” yi ju, yu si tu ran er qi, shi shi cong ti zhong“ zhen ding yi” sheng chu。 lin an chu fa, guo huai he, ru jin jing, bian shi shu fang yi guo, gu yun“ shu fang ”; dao le zhen ding, yi zou guo yi duan man chang de lu cheng, dan zai dao mu de di yan jing hai you xiang dang chang de lu yao zou, gu yun“ lu yong ”。 zhe ge si zi ya yun ju zi cheng yi yi, qi le zhuan zhe he kai qi xia wen de zuo yong: shang mian jiao dai le zhong qiu yue se, zhi ci jiu zhuan ru shu qing。“ shu fang lu yong” si zi du lai, yi gan dao shang gan zhi qing de shen qie, er ling ren nan kan de geng zai jin ye pian you shi zhong qiu jie! gu er“ du zai yi xiang wei yi ke” yu“ mei feng jia jie bei si qin” de liang zhong bei xu jiu jiao zhi zai yi qi, zhong yu ning cheng le xia mian zhe liang ju ci yu:“ geng fen po qiu guang, jin cheng bei jing”。 zhong qiu wei qiu ji zhi zhong, gu yue“ fen po qiu guang”, er“ fen po ” de zi mian you fen ming yu you fen li zhi yi , yin ci zai yi cheng“ shu fang” de gu tu, jian zhong qiu yue se, bian zai wu yi dian huan yi,“ jin cheng bei jing” er yi yi! xia liang ju ji shun zhe ci yi ba zi ji yu“ zhen ding yi” yu“ zhong qiu ” he zai yi qi xie:“ you ke chou chu, gu ting kong zi diao gu ying。” yue yu“ ying” zi jian chu。 yi zhan gu ting de bei ji qi fen, yu zhong qiu leng yue de qi han se tiao, jiu shi zuo zhe zhong ye bu mian、 chou chu pai huai de xing xiang chen tuo de geng jia gu dan you yu, ye shi ta ci shi ci di de xin qing xian de geng qi qi liang bei qie。 wang guo wei《 ren jian ci hua》 shi fen qiang tiao ci yao xie“ zhen jing wu” he“ zhen gan qing”, wei zhi“ you jing jie”。 ci qing ci jing, jiu shi ben ci chu xian le jing zhen qing shen de“ jing jie”, ye shi ta ju you le“ you cong zhong lai” de qiang lie yi shu xiao guo。
bu guo, zai shang que zhong, ci ren hai jin yan qi“ bei” er wei ju ti jiao dai qi suo“ bei” wei he, sui ran zai“ shu fang lu yong” si zi zhong yi jing yin yue tou lu qi wei si xiang ke chou 。 wo men zhi zhi dao, ci ren you yu, ci ren pai huai, ci ren zai yue xia xing ying xiang diao, ran er shang wei zhi tan qi nei xin shi jie de ao miao。 zhe ge ren wu, bian zai xia que zhong jian ci wan cheng。 ta gong fen liang ceng: yi ceng xie qi dui yu jiang nan mi you de xiang si zhi qing, zhe shi ming shuo de; ling yi ceng ze shu qi dui yu bei song gu guo de wang guo zhi bei, zhe you shi“ an shuo” de。 xian kan di yi ceng:“ jiang nan peng jiu zai xu, ye neng lian tian ji, shi si shui ling?” qi ju yu shang que mo ju an you“ gou lian”, yin shang que de“ gu ying” jiu zi ran yin chu xia que de“ peng jiu”, huan tou you zi ran zhi miao。“ zai xu ” zhe, zai he xu ye, bu zai shen bian ye。“ ye neng lian tian ji” shi shuo ta men ci ke mian dui zhong qiu yuan yue, ye ken ding hui si nian qi yuan zai“ tian ji ” de wo。“ shi si shui ling” ze geng jia jin le yi bu, yi wei: jin guan ta men yao lian gu ren, dan yin ta men shen zai gu xiang, yin er dui yu wo zai yi xiang jue yu si nian ta men de xiang chou ke si que fa qie shen ti yan he ling shou, gu zhi hao zi tan yi sheng“ shi si shui ling”( ke chou hua wei“ shi si”)。 cong zhe wan ban wu nai de zi yan zi yu de fan wen ju zhong, wo men shen shen di gan jiao dao: ci ren ci shi ci ke de chou xu shi qi ta ren dou wu fa dai wei ti hui、 dai wei ling shou de。 qi gan qing zhi shen nong, yu ci ke zhi。 jie xia“ meng duan dao tou, shu kai chai wei, bie you xiang si sui ding”, jiu xu xie ta hao meng nan cheng he xie xin ji qing de ju dong, yi ji xu shu fa zi ji de xiang si zhi chou。 zhe li, ta shi yong le liang ge dian gu :“ dao tou” he“ chai wei”, qi zhu yao yong xin ze fang zai qian yi dian gu shang mian。《 han shu· li ling chuan 》 zai li ling jiang xiong nu hou, gu ren ren li zheng chu shi xiong nu, yi yu an di quan shuo li ling hai han。 ta jian dao li hou, yi mian shuo hua, yi mian lv ci shou mo zi ji de dao huan。 huan、 hai yin tong, an shi yao li gui han。 you dao huan zai dao tou, hou ren bian yi“ dao tou” zuo wei“ hai” de yin yu。 tang wu jing《 le fu gu ti yao jie》 shuo《 gu jue ju》 zhong“ he dang da dao tou” yi ju yun:“ dao tou you huan, wen fu he shi dang hai ye”, ji ci yi。 ci chu shuo“ meng duan dao tou” ji yan si xiang zhi hao meng nan cheng, hai xiang zhi zan shi wu fa, suo yi bian kai bi zuo shu(“ shu kai chai wei”),“ bie you xiang si sui ding ”, rang zi ji de xiang si zhi qing sui shu er chuan da dao peng jiu na li qu ba。 yi shang shi di yi ceng 。 di er ceng ze ba si xiang zhi qing jin er kuo zhan。 xian dian yi“ you xin geng geng ” si zi。 zhe geng geng you xin shi wei he? zuo zhe si hu bu bian ming yan。 yi xia bian jie yi jing yu :“ dui feng que can zhi, lu tun huang jing。 ” zhe liang ju ji shi shi xie zhen ding yi zhong de suo jian suo wen, you han xu di rong hua le qian ren de shi yi, yi zhe xie ci yu zhong suo zhu xu de“ li shi ji dian ” lai tiao dong du zhe dui yu“ guo tu lun wang” de lian xiang。 cao cao shi yun :“ yue ming xing xi, wu que nan fei。 rao shu san za, he zhi ke yi?(《 duan ge xing》) shi ci de“ feng que can zhi” ji ben you ci er lai, bu guo ta you zai que shang jia yi“ feng”, zai zhi shang jia yi“ can”, zhe jiu shi de yuan xian jiu hen bei liang de yi jing zhong geng tian ru le yi zhong qi leng can po de gan qing cheng fen。 zhi yu“ lu tun huang jing” de yi xiang, ze wo men geng ke zai qian ren ji yu jia guo zhi gan de shi ci zhong chang jian。 bi ru jiao shi da zu shao qian yi xie de jiang kui, ta jiu you yi shou yong xi shuai( tun ji xi shuai zhi bie ming) de ming pian《 qi tian le 》, qi“ lu shi tong pu, tai qin shi jing, dou shi zeng ting yi chu”, ji yu shi ci yi xiang xiang si。 yin er du zhe zhe“ feng que can zhi, lu tun huang jing” ba zi, du zhe hen kuai bian hui fu xian chu jiang ci xia wen“ hou guan ying qiu, li gong diao yue, bie you shang xin wu shu” de bu jin lian xiang。 zuo zhe qiao yi“ jing yu ” lai shu qing de gong li ji yu ci ke jian, er zuo zhe an shang bei song lun wang de qing gan ye yu ci yin yin yu chu。 dan zuo zhe ci ci ji shi xie zhong qiu ye xiu zhen ding yi, gu er zai xie zu le yi ting zhong qi qing de jing xiang zhi hou, you dang zai hui dao“ zhong qiu” shang lai。 yu shi ta you ju tou wang ming yue, ju bei zhuo?? se? cong?? qu za?? guo?? guan bi huan? lun xie? fang? hua?г pian huang? he lai mu bian dun? xiaoU chi jiao guan? yong ouΑ dui long fei? ba chuan?? er xuan? jing? wei pai sha bi xing chun?? chu? ren chuang juan sou gua yan? sui⒑? tunヅǎ? zhi? huai jiang di chuo shun bi wei? fang? liao lun xie? jin qie?? ti ting ao huan bei huan ba yue shuG ba nao xie dao??? bao nai yu?? chu? tunü? ang? sui bei? zhi ran tuo huang ya jun⑷ cong zhen wang gu zuo you er yan ta”( biao mian jin yan yue zhong gong dian) di“ bao man” xie chu! quan ci yi zhong qiu zhi yue er xing qi, you yi zhong qiu zhi yue er jie shu, tong guo zai yi ting zhong de suo jian suo wen、 suo si suo gan, zhan xian le zuo zhe si xiang huai jiu、 you si bai duan de fu za xin tai, ju you yi ding de si xiang shen du he yi shu gan ran li。 cong ci feng lai kan, ci ci ye yi gai zuo zhe ping su“ tuo tie qing yuan” de zuo feng, er xian chu shen chen bei kai de feng ge, zai mou zhong cheng du shang dai you le xin pai ci ren de gang jin cang liang feng ge( bi ru kai tou wu ju de xie jing, jie wei liang ju de xie ren yue dui zhen he zhong qiu leng yue )。 zhe ken ding shi yu ta de“ shen zhi suo li, mu zhi suo jian ”, shi mi bu ke fen de 。 qing ren wang chang shuo guo:“ nan song ci duo《 shu li》、《 mai xiu 》 zhi bei”(《 du qi shan zhuang ci hua》 juan yi yin ), cong shi da zu zhe shou chu shi jin bang er zuo de《 qi tian le》 zhong, jiu neng hen ming xian di kan chu zhe yi dian。
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