强国
刑范正,金锡美,工冶巧,火齐得,剖刑而莫邪已。然而不剥脱,不砥厉,则 不可以断绳。剥脱之,砥厉之,则劙盘盂,刎牛马,忽然耳。彼国者,亦强国之剖 刑已。然而不教诲,不调一,则入不可以守,出不可以战。教诲之,调一之,则兵 劲城固,敌国不敢婴也。彼国者亦有砥厉,礼义节奏是也。故人之命在天,国之命 在礼。人君者,隆礼尊贤而王,重法爱民而霸,好利多诈而危,权谋倾覆幽险而亡。
威有三:有道德之威者,有暴察之威者,有狂妄之威者--此三威者,不可不 孰察也。礼义则修,分义则明,举错则时,爱利则形。如是,百姓贵之如帝,高之 如天,亲之如父母,畏之如神明。故赏不用而民劝,罚不用而威行,夫是之谓道德 之威。礼乐则不修,分义则不明,举错则不时,爱利则不形;然而其禁暴也察,其 诛不服也审,其刑罚重而信,其诛杀猛而必,黭然而雷击之,如墙厌之。如是,百 姓劫则致畏,嬴则敖上,执拘则[最]聚,得间则散,敌中则夺,非劫之以形埶,非 振之以诛杀,则无以有其下,夫是之谓暴察之威。无爱人之心,无利人之事,而日 为乱人之道,百姓讙敖,则从而执缚之,刑灼之,不和人心。如是,下比周贲溃以 离上矣,倾覆灭亡,可立而待也,夫是之谓狂妄之威。--此三威者,不可不孰察 也。道德之威成乎安强,暴察之威成乎危弱,狂妄之威成乎灭亡也。
公孙子曰:子发将西伐蔡,克蔡,获蔡侯,归致命曰:“蔡侯奉其社稷,而归 之楚;舍属二三子而治其地。”既,楚发其赏,子发辞曰:“发诫布令而敌退,是 主威也;徙举相攻而敌退,是将威也;合战用力而敌退,是众威也。臣舍不宜以众 威受赏。”
讥之曰:子发之致命也恭,其辞赏也固。夫尚贤使能,赏有功,罚有罪,非独 一人为之也,彼先王之道也,一人之本也,善善恶恶之应也,治必由之,古今一也。 古者明主之举大事,立大功也,大事已博,大功已立,则君享其成,群臣享其功, 士大夫益爵,官人益秩,庶人益禄。是以为善者劝,为不善者沮,上下一心,三军 同力,是以百事成,而功名大也。今子发独不然:反先王之道,乱楚国之法,堕兴 功之臣,耻受赏之属,无僇乎族党,而抑卑其后世,案独以为私廉,岂不过甚矣哉! 故曰:子发之致命也恭,其辞赏也固。
荀卿子说齐相曰:处胜人之埶,行胜人之道,天下莫忿,汤武是也。处胜人之 埶,不以胜人之道,厚于有天下之埶,索为匹夫不可得也,桀纣是也。然则得胜人 之埶者,其不如胜人之道远矣!夫主相者,胜人以埶也,是为是,非为非,能为能, 不能为不能,并己之私欲,必以道,夫公道通义之可以相兼容者,是胜人之道也。 今相国上则得专主,下则得专国,相国之于胜人之埶,亶有之矣。然则胡不驱此胜 人之埶,赴胜人之道,求仁厚明通之君子而托王焉,与之参国政,正是非!如是, 则国孰敢不为义矣!君臣上下,贵贱长少,至于庶人,莫不为义,则天下孰不欲合 义矣!贤士愿相国之朝,能士愿相国之官,好利之民莫不愿以齐为归,是一天下也。 相国舍是而不为,案直为是世俗之所以为,则女主乱之宫,诈臣乱之朝,贪吏乱之 官,众庶百姓皆以争夺贪利为俗,曷若是而可以持国乎?今巨楚县吾前,大燕(鱼酋) 吾后,劲魏钩吾右,西壤之不绝若绳,楚人则乃有襄贲开阳以临吾左,是一国作谋, 则三国必起而乘我。如是,则齐必断而为四、三,国若假城然耳,必为天下大笑。 曷若两者孰足为也!夫桀纣,圣王之后子孙也,有天下者之世也,埶籍之所存,天 下之宗室也,土地之大,封内千里,人之众数以亿万,俄而天下倜然举去桀纣而奔 汤武,反然举恶桀纣而贵汤武。是何也?夫桀纣何失?而汤武何得也?曰:是无它 故焉,桀纣者善为人所恶也,而汤武者善为人所好也。人之所恶何也?曰:污漫、 争夺、贪利是也。人之所好者何也?曰:礼义、辞让、忠信是也。今君人者,譬称 比方则欲自并乎汤武,若其所以统之,则无以异于桀纣,而求有汤武之功名,可乎? 故凡得胜者,必与人也;凡得人者,必与道也。道也者,何也?礼义、辞让、忠信 是也。故自四五万而往者,强胜非众之力也,隆在信矣。自数百里而往者,安固非 大之力也,隆在修政矣。今已有数万之众者也,陶诞比周以争与;已有数百里之国 者也,污漫突盗以争地;然则是弃己之所安强,而争己之所以危弱也;损己之所不 足,以重己之所有余。若是其悖缪也,而求有汤武之功名,可乎!辟之,是犹伏而 咶天,救经而引其足也。说必不行矣,愈务而愈远。为人臣者,不恤己行之不行, 苟得利而已矣,是渠冲入穴而求利也,是仁人之所羞而不为也。故人莫贵乎生,莫 乐乎安;所以养生安乐者,莫大乎礼义。人知贵生乐安而弃礼义,辟之,是犹欲寿 而歾颈也,愚莫大焉。故君人者,爱民而安,好士而荣,两者亡一焉而亡。诗曰: “价人维藩,大师维垣。”此之谓也。
力术止,义术行,曷谓也?曰:秦之谓也。威强乎汤武,广大乎舜禹,然而忧 患不可胜校也。諰諰然常恐天下之一合而轧己也,此所谓力术止也。曷谓乎威强乎 汤武?汤武也者,乃能使说己者使耳。今楚、父死焉,国举焉,负三王之庙,而辟 于陈蔡之间,视可司间,案欲剡其胫而以蹈秦之腹,然而秦使左案左,使右案右, 是乃使雠人役也;此所谓威强乎汤武也。曷谓广大乎舜禹也?曰:古者百王之一天 下,臣诸侯也,未有过封内千里者也。今秦南乃有沙羡与俱,是乃江南也。北与胡 貉为邻,西有巴戎,东在楚者乃界于齐,在韩者踰常山乃有临虑,在魏者乃据圉津 --即去大梁百有二十里耳!其在赵者剡然有苓而据松柏之塞,负西海而固常山, 是地遍天下也。威动海内,强殆中国,然而忧患不可胜校也,諰諰然常恐天下之一 合而轧己也;此所谓广大乎舜禹也。然则奈何?曰:节威反文,案用夫端诚信全之 君子治天下焉,因与之参国政,正是非,治曲直,听咸阳,顺者错之,不顺者而后 诛之。若是,则兵不复出于塞外,而令行于天下矣。若是,则虽为之筑明堂于塞外 而朝诸侯,殆可矣。假今之世,益地不如益信之务也。
应侯问孙卿子曰:入秦何见?
孙卿子曰:其固塞险,形埶便,山林川谷美,天材之利多,是形胜也。入境, 观其风俗,其百姓朴,其声乐不流污,其服不佻,甚畏有司而顺,古之民也。及都 邑官府,其百吏肃然,莫不恭俭、敦敬、忠信而不楛,古之吏也。入其国,观其士 大夫,出于其门,入于公门;出于公门,归于其家,无有私事也;不比周,不朋党, 倜然莫不明通而公也,古之士大夫也。观其朝廷,其朝闲,听决百事不留,恬然如 无治者,古之朝也。故四世有胜,非幸也,数也。是所见也。故曰:佚而治,约而 详,不烦而功,治之至也,秦类之矣。虽然,则有其諰矣。兼是数具者而尽有之, 然而县之以王者之功名,则倜倜然其不及远矣!是何也?则其殆无儒邪!故曰粹而 王,驳而霸,无一焉而亡。此亦秦之所短也。
积微:月不胜日,时不胜月,岁不胜时。凡人好敖慢小事,大事至然后兴之务 之,如是,则常不胜夫敦比于小事者矣。是何也?则小事之至也数,其县日也博, 其为积也大;大事之至也希,其县日也浅,其为积也小。故善日者王,善时者霸, 补漏者危,大荒者亡。故王者敬日,霸者敬时,仅存之国危而后戚之。亡国至亡而 后知亡,至死而后知死,亡国之祸败,不可胜悔也。霸者之善箸焉,可以时托也; 王者之功名,不可胜日志也。财物货宝以大为重,政教功名反是--能积微者速成。 诗曰:“德輶如毛,民鲜克举之。”此之谓也。
凡奸人之所以起者,以上之不贵义,不敬义也。夫义者,所以限禁人之为恶与 奸者也。今上不贵义,不敬义,如是,则天下之人百姓,皆有弃义之志,而有趋奸 之心矣,此奸人之所以起也。且上者下之师也,夫下之和上,譬之犹响之应声,影 之像形也。故为人上者,不可不顺也。夫义者,内节于人,而外节于万物者也;上 安于主,而下调于民者也;内外上下节者,义之情也。然则凡为天下之要,义为本, 而信次之。古者禹汤本义务信而天下治,桀纣弃义倍信而天下乱。故为人上者,必 将慎礼义,务忠信,然后可。此君人者之大本也。堂上不粪,则郊草不瞻旷芸;白 刃扞乎胸,则目不见流矢;拔戟加乎首,则十指不辞断;非不以此为务也,疾养缓 急之有相先者也。
xing fan zheng, jin xi mei, gong ye qiao, huo qi de, pou xing er mo xie yi。 ran er bu bo tuo, bu di li, ze bu ke yi duan sheng。 bo tuo zhi, di li zhi, ze? ba tao jia? guB hui? wu huan?1 si? lu? dia kang?? xing yi。 ran er bu jiao hui, bu tiao yi, ze ru bu ke yi shou, chu bu ke yi zhan。 jiao hui zhi, tiao yi zhi, ze bing jin cheng gu, di guo bu gan ying ye。 bi guo zhe yi you di li, li yi jie zou shi ye。 gu ren zhi ming zai tian, guo zhi ming zai li。 ren jun zhe, long li zun xian er wang, zhong fa ai min er ba, hao li duo zha er wei, quan mou qing fu you xian er wang。
wei you san: you dao de zhi wei zhe, you bao cha zhi wei zhe, you kuang wang zhi wei zhe-- ci san wei zhe, bu ke bu shu cha ye。 li yi ze xiu, fen yi ze ming, ju cuo ze shi, ai li ze xing。 ru shi, bai xing gui zhi ru di, gao zhi ru tian, qin zhi ru fu mu, wei zhi ru shen ming。 gu shang bu yong er min quan, fa bu yong er wei xing, fu shi zhi wei dao de zhi wei。 li le ze bu xiu, fen yi ze bu ming, ju cuo ze bu shi, ai li ze bu xing; ran er qi jin bao ye cha, qi zhu bu fu ye shen, qi xing fa zhong er xin, qi zhu sha meng er bi,? ran er lei ji zhi, ru qiang yan zhi。 ru shi, bai xing jie ze zhi wei, ying ze ao shang, zhi ju ze[ zui] ju, de jian ze san, di zhong ze duo, fei jie zhi yi xing? shua? zhen zhi yi zhu sha, ze wu yi you qi xia, fu shi zhi wei bao cha zhi wei。 wu ai ren zhi xin, wu li ren zhi shi, er ri wei luan ren zhi dao, bai xing? ao, ze cong er zhi fu zhi, xing zhuo zhi, bu he ren xin。 ru shi, xia bi zhou ben kui yi li shang yi, qing fu mie wang, ke li er dai ye, fu shi zhi wei kuang wang zhi wei。-- ci san wei zhe, bu ke bu shu cha ye。 dao de zhi wei cheng hu an qiang, bao cha zhi wei cheng hu wei ruo, kuang wang zhi wei cheng hu mie wang ye。
gong sun zi yue: zi fa jiang xi fa cai, ke cai, huo cai hou, gui zhi ming yue:“ cai hou feng qi she ji, er gui zhi chu; she shu er san zi er zhi qi di。” ji, chu fa qi shang, zi fa ci yue:“ fa jie bu ling er di tui, shi zhu wei ye; xi ju xiang gong er di tui, shi jiang wei ye; he zhan yong li er di tui, shi zhong wei ye。 chen she bu yi yi zhong wei shou shang。”
ji zhi yue: zi fa zhi zhi ming ye gong, qi ci shang ye gu。 fu shang xian shi neng, shang you gong, fa you zui, fei du yi ren wei zhi ye, bi xian wang zhi dao ye, yi ren zhi ben ye, shan shan e e zhi ying ye, zhi bi you zhi, gu jin yi ye。 gu zhe ming zhu zhi ju da shi, li da gong ye, da shi yi bo, da gong yi li, ze jun xiang qi cheng, qun chen xiang qi gong, shi da fu yi jue, guan ren yi zhi, shu ren yi lu。 shi yi wei shan zhe quan, wei bu shan zhe ju, shang xia yi xin, san jun tong li, shi yi bai shi cheng, er gong ming da ye。 jin zi fa du bu ran: fan xian wang zhi dao, luan chu guo zhi fa, duo xing gong zhi chen, chi shou shang zhi shu, wu?J hu zu dang, er yi bei qi hou shi, an du yi wei si lian, qi bu guo shen yi zai! gu yue: zi fa zhi zhi ming ye gong, qi ci shang ye gu。
xun qing zi shuo qi xiang yue: chu sheng ren zhi? shua? xingと su? kui? yu lv? xu? lao guan qie bing4κと su ? shua? hui yunと su? kui? ti mo xing yu lun? shua? chi?シ chai huan sha mi bo? shi? qie bingH hui meng mengと zhi? su lu? ru huang liと su? lao dui ying》 mou xiang sou lu?と sou? sou bo? qiao? qian? qiao? qian? qi? sao bu neng wei bu neng, bing ji zhi si yu, bi yi dao, fu gong dao tong yi zhi ke yi xiang jian rong zhe, shi sheng ren zhi dao ye。 jin xiang guo shang ze de zhuan zhu, xia ze de zhuan guo, xiang guo zhi yu sheng ren zhi? shua?? you zhi yi。 ran ze hu bu qu ci sheng ren zhi? shua? baと su? kui? jian shi cha wangㄖ?? yong? xing xian sang? jing? wei???? qian qian∪ li qian ze guo shu gan bu wei yi yi! jun chen shang xia, gui jian chang shao, zhi yu shu ren, mo bu wei yi, ze tian xia shu bu yu he yi yi! xian shi yuan xiang guo zhi chao, neng shi yuan xiang guo zhi guan, hao li zhi min mo bu yuan yi qi wei gui, shi yi tian xia ye。 xiang guo she shi er bu wei, an zhi wei shi shi su zhi suo yi wei, ze nv zhu luan zhi gong, zha chen luan zhi chao, tan li luan zhi guan, zhong shu bai xing jie yi zheng duo tan li wei su, he ruo shi er ke yi chi guo hu? jin ju chu xian wu qian, da yan( yu qiu) wu hou, jin wei gou wu you, xi rang zhi bu jue ruo sheng, chu ren ze nai you xiang ben kai yang yi lin wu zuo, shi yi guo zuo mou, ze san guo bi qi er cheng wo。 ru shi, ze qi bi duan er wei si、 san, guo ruo jia cheng ran er, bi wei tian xia da xiao。 he ruo liang zhe shu zu wei ye! fu jie zhou, sheng wang zhi hou zi sun ye, you tian xia zhe zhi shi ye,? si??? gui? xia zhi zong shi ye, tu di zhi da, feng nei qian li, ren zhi zhong shu yi yi wan, e er tian xia ti ran ju qu jie zhou er ben tang wu, fan ran ju e jie zhou er gui tang wu。 shi he ye? fu jie zhou he shi? er tang wu he de ye? yue: shi wu ta gu yan, jie zhou zhe shan wei ren suo e ye, er tang wu zhe shan wei ren suo hao ye。 ren zhi suo e he ye? yue: wu man、 zheng duo、 tan li shi ye。 ren zhi suo hao zhe he ye? yue: li yi、 ci rang、 zhong xin shi ye。 jin jun ren zhe, pi cheng bi fang ze yu zi bing hu tang wu, ruo qi suo yi tong zhi, ze wu yi yi yu jie zhou, er qiu you tang wu zhi gong ming, ke hu? gu fan de sheng zhe, bi yu ren ye; fan de ren zhe, bi yu dao ye。 dao ye zhe, he ye? li yi、 ci rang、 zhong xin shi ye。 gu zi si wu wan er wang zhe, qiang sheng fei zhong zhi li ye, long zai xin yi。 zi shu bai li er wang zhe, an gu fei da zhi li ye, long zai xiu zheng yi。 jin yi you shu wan zhi zhong zhe ye, tao dan bi zhou yi zheng yu; yi you shu bai li zhi guo zhe ye, wu man tu dao yi zheng di; ran ze shi qi ji zhi suo an qiang, er zheng ji zhi suo yi wei ruo ye; sun ji zhi suo bu zu, yi zhong ji zhi suo you yu。 ruo shi qi bei mou ye, er qiu you tang wu zhi gong ming, ke hu! pi zhi, shi you fu er ?F tian, jiu jing er yin qi zu ye。 shuo bi bu xing yi, yu wu er yu yuan。 wei ren chen zhe, bu xu ji xing zhi bu xing, gou de li er yi yi, shi qu chong ru xue er qiu li ye, shi ren ren zhi suo xiu er bu wei ye。 gu ren mo gui hu sheng, mo le hu an; suo yi yang sheng an le zhe, mo da hu li yi。 ren zhi gui sheng le an er qi li yi, pi zhi, shi you yu shou er?z jing ye, yu mo da yan。 gu jun ren zhe, ai min er an, hao shi er rong, liang zhe wang yi yan er wang。 shi yue: “ jia ren wei fan, da shi wei yuan。” ci zhi wei ye。
li shu zhi, yi shu xing, he wei ye? yue: qin zhi wei ye。 wei qiang hu tang wu, guang da hu shun yu, ran er you huan bu ke sheng xiao ye。?? ran chang kong tian xia zhi yi he er zha ji ye, ci suo wei li shu zhi ye。 he wei hu wei qiang hu tang wu? tang wu ye zhe, nai neng shi shuo ji zhe shi er。 jin chu、 fu si yan, guo ju yan, fu san wang zhi miao, er pi yu chen cai zhi jian, shi ke si jian, an yu yan qi jing er yi dao qin zhi fu, ran er qin shi zuo an zuo, shi you an you, shi nai shi chou ren yi ye; ci suo wei wei qiang hu tang wu ye。 he wei guang da hu shun yu ye? yue: gu zhe bai wang zhi yi tian xia, chen zhu hou ye, wei you guo feng nei qian li zhe ye。 jin qin nan nai you sha xian yu ju, shi nai jiang nan ye。 bei yu hu he wei lin, xi you ba rong, dong zai chu zhe nai jie yu qi, zai han zhe? chang shan nai you lin lv, zai wei zhe nai ju yu jin -- ji qu da liang bai you er shi li er! qi zai zhao zhe yan ran you ling er ju song bai zhi sai, fu xi hai er gu chang shan, shi di bian tian xia ye。 wei dong hai nei, qiang dai zhong guo, ran er you huan bu ke sheng xiao ye,?? ran chang kong tian xia zhi yi he er zha ji ye; ci suo wei guang da hu shun yu ye。 ran ze nai he? yue: jie wei fan wen, an yong fu duan cheng xin quan zhi jun zi zhi tian xia yan, yin yu zhi can guo zheng, zheng shi fei, zhi qu zhi, ting xian yang, shun zhe cuo zhi, bu shun zhe er hou zhu zhi。 ruo shi, ze bing bu fu chu yu sai wai, er ling xing yu tian xia yi。 ruo shi, ze sui wei zhi zhu ming tang yu sai wai er chao zhu hou, dai ke yi。 jia jin zhi shi, yi di bu ru yi xin zhi wu ye。
ying hou wen sun qing zi yue: ru qin he jian?
sun qing zi yue: qi gu sai xian, xing? shun bei? jiao zhiü rang kui? hu nao?? bo? qie wenひ bingH yue chang guan qi feng su, qi bai xing pu, qi sheng le bu liu wu, qi fu bu tiao, shen wei you si er shun, gu zhi min ye。 ji dou yi guan fu, qi bai li su ran, mo bu gong jian、 dun jing、 zhong xin er bu??? pang? zi bingH zhun cen?? xie guan da fu, chu yu qi men, ru yu gong men; chu yu gong men, gui yu qi jia, wu you si shi ye; bu bi zhou, bu peng dang, ti ran mo bu ming tong er gong ye, gu zhi shi da fu ye。 guan qi chao ting, qi chao xian, ting jue bai shi bu liu, tian ran ru wu zhi zhe, gu zhi chao ye。 gu si shi you sheng, fei xing ye, shu ye。 shi suo jian ye。 gu yue: yi er zhi, yue er xiang, bu fan er gong, zhi zhi zhi ye, qin lei zhi yi。 sui ran, ze you qi? yi。 jian shi shu ju zhe er jin you zhi, ran er xian zhi yi wang zhe zhi gong ming, ze ti ti ran qi bu ji yuan yi! shi he ye? ze qi dai wu ru xie! gu yue cui er wang, bo er ba, wu yi yan er wang。 ci yi qin zhi suo duan ye。
ji wei: yue bu sheng ri, shi bu sheng yue, sui bu sheng shi。 fan ren hao ao man xiao shi, da shi zhi ran hou xing zhi wu zhi, ru shi, ze chang bu sheng fu dun bi yu xiao shi zhe yi。 shi he ye? ze xiao shi zhi zhi ye shu, qi xian ri ye bo, qi wei ji ye da; da shi zhi zhi ye xi, qi xian ri ye qian, qi wei ji ye xiao。 gu shan ri zhe wang, shan shi zhe ba, bu lou zhe wei, da huang zhe wang。 gu wang zhe jing ri, ba zhe jing shi, jin cun zhi guo wei er hou qi zhi。 wang guo zhi wang er hou zhi wang, zhi si er hou zhi si, wang guo zhi huo bai, bu ke sheng hui ye。 ba zhe zhi shan zhu yan, ke yi shi tuo ye; wang zhe zhi gong ming, bu ke sheng ri zhi ye。 cai wu huo bao yi da wei zhong, zheng jiao gong ming fan shi-- neng ji wei zhe su cheng。 shi yue:“ de? ru mao, min xian ke ju zhi。” ci zhi wei ye。
fan jian ren zhi suo yi qi zhe, yi shang zhi bu gui yi, bu jing yi ye。 fu yi zhe, suo yi xian jin ren zhi wei e yu jian zhe ye。 jin shang bu gui yi, bu jing yi, ru shi, ze tian xia zhi ren bai xing, jie you qi yi zhi zhi, er you qu jian zhi xin yi, ci jian ren zhi suo yi qi ye。 qie shang zhe xia zhi shi ye, fu xia zhi he shang, pi zhi you xiang zhi ying sheng, ying zhi xiang xing ye。 gu wei ren shang zhe, bu ke bu shun ye。 fu yi zhe, nei jie yu ren, er wai jie yu wan wu zhe ye; shang an yu zhu, er xia tiao yu min zhe ye; nei wai shang xia jie zhe, yi zhi qing ye。 ran ze fan wei tian xia zhi yao, yi wei ben, er xin ci zhi。 gu zhe yu tang ben yi wu xin er tian xia zhi, jie zhou qi yi bei xin er tian xia luan。 gu wei ren shang zhe, bi jiang shen li yi, wu zhong xin, ran hou ke。 ci jun ren zhe zhi da ben ye。 tang shang bu fen, ze jiao cao bu zhan kuang yun; bai ren?I hu xiong, ze mu bu jian liu shi; ba ji jia hu shou, ze shi zhi bu ci duan; fei bu yi ci wei wu ye, ji yang huan ji zhi you xiang xian zhe ye。
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