宥坐
孔子观于鲁桓公之庙,有欹器焉,孔子问于守庙者曰:“此为何器?”守庙者 曰:“此盖为宥坐之器,”孔子曰:“吾闻宥坐之器者,虚则欹,中则正,满则覆。” 孔子顾谓弟子曰:“注水焉。”弟子挹水而注之。中而正,满而覆,虚而欹,孔子 喟然而叹曰:“吁!恶有满而不覆者哉!”子路曰:“敢问持满有道乎?”孔子曰: “聪明圣知,守之以愚;功被天下,守之以让;勇力抚世,守之以怯,富有四海, 守之以谦:此所谓挹而损之之道也。”
孔子为鲁摄相,朝七日而诛少正卯。门人进问曰:“夫少正卯鲁之闻人也,夫 子为政而始诛之,得无失乎,”孔子曰:“居,吾语女其故。人有恶者五,而盗窃 不与焉:一曰:心达而险;二曰:行辟而坚;三曰:言伪而辩;四曰:记丑而博; 五曰:顺非而泽--此五者有一于人,则不得免于君子之诛,而少正卯兼有之。故 居处足以聚徒成群,言谈足饰邪营众,强足以反是独立,此小人之桀雄也,不可不 诛也。是以汤诛尹谐,文王诛潘止,周公诛管叔,太公诛华仕,管仲诛付里乙,子 产诛邓析史付,此七子者,皆异世同心,不可不诛也。诗曰:‘忧心悄悄,愠于群 小。’小人成群,斯足忧也。”
孔子为鲁司寇,有父子讼者,孔子拘之,三月不别。其父请止,孔子舍之。季 孙闻之,不说,曰:“是老也欺予。语予曰:为国家必以孝。今杀一人以戮不孝! 又舍之。”冉子以告。孔子慨然叹曰:“呜呼!上失之,下杀之,其可乎?不教其 民,而听其狱,杀不辜也。三军大败,不可斩也;狱犴不治,不可刑也,罪不在民 故也。嫚令谨诛,贼也。今生也有时,歛也无时,暴也;不教而责成功,虐也。- -已此三者,然后刑可即也。书曰:‘义刑义杀,勿庸以即,予维曰未有顺事。’ 言先教也。故先王既陈之以道,上先服之;若不可,尚贤以綦之;若不可,废不能 以单之;綦三年而百姓从风矣。邪民不从,然后俟之以刑,则民知罪矣。诗曰: ‘尹氏大师,维周之氐;秉国之均,四方是维;天子是庳,卑民不迷。’是以威厉 而不试,刑错而不用,此之谓也。今之世则不然:乱其教,繁其刑,其民迷惑而堕 焉,则从而制之,是以刑弥繁,而邪不胜。三尺之岸而虚车不能登也,百仞之山任 负车登焉,何则?陵迟故也。数仞之墙而民不踰也,百仞之山而竖子冯而游焉,陵 迟故也。今之世陵迟已久矣,而能使民勿踰乎,诗曰:‘周道如砥,其直如矢。君 子所履,小人所视。眷焉顾之,潸焉出涕。’岂不哀哉!”
诗曰:“瞻彼日月,悠悠我思。道之云远,曷云能来。”子曰:“伊稽首不其 有来乎?”
孔子观于东流之水。子贡问于孔子曰:“君子之所以见大水必观焉者,是何?” 孔子曰:“夫水遍与诸生而无为也,似德。其流也埤下,裾拘必循其理,似义,其 洸洸乎不淈尽,似道。若有决行之,其应佚若声响,其赴百仞之谷不惧,似勇。主 量必平,似法。盈不求概,似正。淖约微达,似察。以出以入以就鲜絜,似善化。 其万折也必东,似志。是故见大水必观焉。
孔子曰:“吾有耻也,吾有鄙也,吾有殆也:幼不能强学,老无以教之,吾耻 之,去其故乡,事君而达,卒遇故人曾无旧言,吾鄙之;与小人处者,吾殆之也。”
孔子曰:“如垤而进,吾与之;如丘而止,吾已矣。”今学曾未如(月尤)赘, 则具然欲为人师。
孔子南适楚,厄于陈蔡之间,七日不火食,藜羹不糁,弟子皆有饥色。子路进 而问之曰:“由闻之:为善者天报之以福,为不善者天报之以祸,今夫子累德积义 怀美,行之日久矣,奚居之隐也?”孔子曰:“由不识,吾语女。女以知者为必用 邪?王子比干不见剖心乎!女以忠者为必用邪?关龙逢不见刑乎!女以谏者为必用 邪?吴子胥不磔姑苏东门外乎!夫遇不遇者,时也;贤不肖者,材也;君子博学深 谋,不遇时者多矣!由是观之,不遇世者众矣,何独丘也哉!且夫芷兰生于深林, 非以无人而不芳。君子之学,非为通也,为穷而不困,忧而意不衰也,知祸福终始 而心不惑也。夫贤不肖者,材也;为不为者,人也;遇不遇者,时也;死生者,命 也。今有其人,不遇其时,虽贤,其能行乎?苟遇其时,何难之有!故君子博学深 谋,修身端行,以俟其时。”孔子曰:“由!居!吾语女。昔晋公子重耳霸心生于 曹,越王句践霸心生于会稽,齐桓公小白霸心生于莒。故居不隐者思不远,身不佚 者志不广;女庸安知吾不得之桑落之下?”
子贡观于鲁庙之北堂,出而问于孔子曰:“乡者赐观于太庙之北堂,吾亦未辍, 还复瞻被九盖皆继,被有说邪?匠过绝邪?”孔子曰:“太庙之堂亦尝有说,官致 良工,因丽节文,非无良材也,盖曰贵文也。”
kong zi guan yu lu huan gong zhi miao, you qi qi yan, kong zi wen yu shou miao zhe yue:“ ci wei he qi?” shou miao zhe yue:“ ci gai wei you zuo zhi qi,” kong zi yue:“ wu wen you zuo zhi qi zhe, xu ze qi, zhong ze zheng, man ze fu。” kong zi gu wei di zi yue:“ zhu shui yan。” di zi yi shui er zhu zhi。 zhong er zheng, man er fu, xu er qi, kong zi kui ran er tan yue:“ xu! e you man er bu fu zhe zai!” zi lu yue:“ gan wen chi man you dao hu?” kong zi yue: “ cong ming sheng zhi, shou zhi yi yu; gong bei tian xia, shou zhi yi rang; yong li fu shi, shou zhi yi qie, fu you si hai, shou zhi yi qian: ci suo wei yi er sun zhi zhi dao ye。”
kong zi wei lu she xiang, chao qi ri er zhu shao zheng mao。 men ren jin wen yue:“ fu shao zheng mao lu zhi wen ren ye, fu zi wei zheng er shi zhu zhi, de wu shi hu,” kong zi yue:“ ju, wu yu nv qi gu。 ren you e zhe wu, er dao qie bu yu yan: yi yue: xin da er xian; er yue: xing pi er jian; san yue: yan wei er bian; si yue: ji chou er bo; wu yue: shun fei er ze-- ci wu zhe you yi yu ren, ze bu de mian yu jun zi zhi zhu, er shao zheng mao jian you zhi。 gu ju chu zu yi ju tu cheng qun, yan tan zu shi xie ying zhong, qiang zu yi fan shi du li, ci xiao ren zhi jie xiong ye, bu ke bu zhu ye。 shi yi tang zhu yin xie, wen wang zhu pan zhi, zhou gong zhu guan shu, tai gong zhu hua shi, guan zhong zhu fu li yi, zi chan zhu deng xi shi fu, ci qi zi zhe, jie yi shi tong xin, bu ke bu zhu ye。 shi yue:‘ you xin qiao qiao, yun yu qun xiao。’ xiao ren cheng qun, si zu you ye。”
kong zi wei lu si kou, you fu zi song zhe, kong zi ju zhi, san yue bu bie。 qi fu qing zhi, kong zi she zhi。 ji sun wen zhi, bu shuo, yue:“ shi lao ye qi yu。 yu yu yue: wei guo jia bi yi xiao。 jin sha yi ren yi lu bu xiao! you she zhi。” ran zi yi gao。 kong zi kai ran tan yue:“ wu hu! shang shi zhi, xia sha zhi, qi ke hu? bu jiao qi min, er ting qi yu, sha bu gu ye。 san jun da bai, bu ke zhan ye; yu an bu zhi, bu ke xing ye, zui bu zai min gu ye。?? ling jin zhu, zei ye。 jin sheng ye you shi,?a ye wu shi, bao ye; bu jiao er ze cheng gong, nue ye。- - yi ci san zhe, ran hou xing ke ji ye。 shu yue:‘ yi xing yi sha, wu yong yi ji, yu wei yue wei you shun shi。’ yan xian jiao ye。 gu xian wang ji chen zhi yi dao, shang xian fu zhi; ruo bu ke, shang xian yi qi zhi; ruo bu ke, fei bu neng yi dan zhi; qi san nian er bai xing cong feng yi。 xie min bu cong, ran hou qi zhi yi xing, ze min zhi zui yi。 shi yue: ‘ yin shi da shi, wei zhou zhi di; bing guo zhi jun, si fang shi wei; tian zi shi bi, bei min bu mi。’ shi yi wei li er bu shi, xing cuo er bu yong, ci zhi wei ye。 jin zhi shi ze bu ran: luan qi jiao, fan qi xing, qi min mi huo er duo yan, ze cong er zhi zhi, shi yi xing mi fan, er xie bu sheng。 san chi zhi an er xu che bu neng deng ye, bai ren zhi shan ren fu che deng yan, he ze? ling chi gu ye。 shu ren zhi qiang er min bu? ye, bai ren zhi shan er shu zi feng er you yan, ling chi gu ye。 jin zhi shi ling chi yi jiu yi, er neng shi min wu? hu, shi yue:‘ zhou dao ru di, qi zhi ru shi。 jun zi suo lv, xiao ren suo shi。 juan yan gu zhi, shan yan chu ti。’ qi bu ai zai!”
shi yue:“ zhan bi ri yue, you you wo si。 dao zhi yun yuan, he yun neng lai。” zi yue:“ yi ji shou bu qi you lai hu?”
kong zi guan yu dong liu zhi shui。 zi gong wen yu kong zi yue:“ jun zi zhi suo yi jian da shui bi guan yan zhe, shi he?” kong zi yue:“ fu shui bian yu zhu sheng er wu wei ye, si de。 qi liu ye pi xia, ju ju bi xun qi li, si yi, qi ?? bu lao??。? pin kuiH can xin fang xiong?? xuω? jie? yu? juan an xuan yu? que huan dan? pu longV liang bi ping, si fa。 ying bu qiu gai, si zheng。 nao yue wei da, si cha。 yi chu yi ru yi jiu xian?, si shan hua。 qi wan zhe ye bi dong, si zhi。 shi gu jian da shui bi guan yan。
kong zi yue:“ wu you chi ye, wu you bi ye, wu you dai ye: you bu neng qiang xue, lao wu yi jiao zhi, wu chi zhi, qu qi gu xiang, shi jun er da, zu yu gu ren zeng wu jiu yan, wu bi zhi; yu xiao ren chu zhe, wu dai zhi ye。”
kong zi yue:“ ru die er jin, wu yu zhi; ru qiu er zhi, wu yi yi。” jin xue zeng wei ru( yue you) zhui, ze ju ran yu wei ren shi。
kong zi nan shi chu, e yu chen cai zhi jian, qi ri bu huo shi, li geng bu san, di zi jie you ji se。 zi lu jin er wen zhi yue:“ you wen zhi: wei shan zhe tian bao zhi yi fu, wei bu shan zhe tian bao zhi yi huo, jin fu zi lei de ji yi huai mei, xing zhi ri jiu yi, xi ju zhi yin ye?” kong zi yue:“ you bu shi, wu yu nv。 nv yi zhi zhe wei bi yong xie? wang zi bi gan bu jian pou xin hu! nv yi zhong zhe wei bi yong xie? guan long feng bu jian xing hu! nv yi jian zhe wei bi yong xie? wu zi xu bu zhe gu su dong men wai hu! fu yu bu yu zhe, shi ye; xian bu xiao zhe, cai ye; jun zi bo xue shen mou, bu yu shi zhe duo yi! you shi guan zhi, bu yu shi zhe zhong yi, he du qiu ye zai! qie fu zhi lan sheng yu shen lin, fei yi wu ren er bu fang。 jun zi zhi xue, fei wei tong ye, wei qiong er bu kun, you er yi bu shuai ye, zhi huo fu zhong shi er xin bu huo ye。 fu xian bu xiao zhe, cai ye; wei bu wei zhe, ren ye; yu bu yu zhe, shi ye; si sheng zhe, ming ye。 jin you qi ren, bu yu qi shi, sui xian, qi neng xing hu? gou yu qi shi, he nan zhi you! gu jun zi bo xue shen mou, xiu shen duan xing, yi qi qi shi。” kong zi yue:“ you! ju! wu yu nv。 xi jin gong zi zhong er ba xin sheng yu cao, yue wang ju jian ba xin sheng yu hui ji, qi huan gong xiao bai ba xin sheng yu ju。 gu ju bu yin zhe si bu yuan, shen bu yi zhe zhi bu guang; nv yong an zhi wu bu de zhi sang luo zhi xia?”
zi gong guan yu lu miao zhi bei tang, chu er wen yu kong zi yue:“ xiang zhe ci guan yu tai miao zhi bei tang, wu yi wei chuo, hai fu zhan bei jiu gai jie ji, bei you shuo xie? jiang guo jue xie?” kong zi yue:“ tai miao zhi tang yi chang you shuo, guan zhi liang gong, yin li jie wen, fei wu liang cai ye, gai yue gui wen ye。”
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