子道
入孝出弟,人之小行也。上顺下笃,人之中行也;从道不从君,从义不从父, 人之大行也。若夫志以礼安,言以类使,则儒道毕矣。虽尧舜不能加毫末于是矣。 孝子所不从命有三:从命则亲危,不从命则亲安,孝子不从命乃衷;从命则亲辱, 不从命则亲荣,孝子不从命乃义;从命则禽兽,不从命则修饰,孝子不从命乃敬。 故可以从命而不从,是不子也;未可以从而从,是不衷也;明于从不从之义,而能 致恭敬,忠信、端悫、以慎行之,则可谓大孝矣。传曰:“从道不从君,从义不从 父。”此之谓也。故劳苦、雕萃而能无失其敬,灾祸、患难而能无失其义,则不幸 不顺见恶而能无失其爱,非仁人莫能行。诗曰:“孝子不匮。”此之谓也。
鲁哀公问于孔子曰:“子从父命,孝乎?臣从君命,贞乎?”三问,孔子不对。 孔子趋出以语子贡曰:“乡者,君问丘也,曰:‘子从父命,孝乎?臣从君命,贞 乎?’三问而丘不对,赐以为何如?”子贡曰:“子从父命,孝矣。臣从君命,贞 矣,夫子有奚对焉?”孔子曰:“小人哉!赐不识也!昔万乘之国,有争臣四人, 则封疆不削;千乘之国,有争臣三人,则社稷不危;百乘之家,有争臣二人,则宗 庙不毁。父有争子,不行无礼;士有争友,不为不义。故子从父,奚子孝?臣从君, 奚臣贞?审其所以从之之谓孝、之谓贞也。”
子路问于孔子曰:“有人于此,夙兴夜寐,耕耘树艺,手足胼胝,以养其亲, 然而无孝之名,何也?”孔子曰:“意者身不敬与?辞不逊与?色不顺与?古之人 有言曰:‘衣与!缪与!不女聊。’今夙兴夜寐,耕耘树艺,手足胼胝,以养其亲, 无此三者,则何为而无孝之名也?意者所友非人邪?”孔子曰:“由志之,吾语女。 虽有国士之力,不能自举其身。非无力也,势不可也。故入而行不修,身之罪也; 出而名不章,友之过也。故君子入则笃行,出则友贤,何为而无孝之名也!”
子路问于孔子曰:“鲁大夫练而床,礼邪?”孔子曰:“吾不知也。”子路出, 谓子贡曰:“吾以为夫子无所不知,夫子徒有所不知。”子贡曰:“汝何问哉?” 子路曰:“由问:‘鲁大夫练而床,礼邪?’夫子曰:‘吾不知也。’”子贡曰: “吾将为女问之。”子贡问曰:“练而床,礼邪?”孔子曰;“非礼也。”子贡出, 谓子路曰:“女谓夫子为有所不知乎!夫子徒无所不知。女问非也。礼:居是邑不 非其大夫。”
子路盛服而见孔子,孔子曰:“由,是裾裾何也?昔者江出于岷山,其始出也, 其源可以滥觞,及其至江之津也,不放舟,不避风,则不可涉也。非维下流水多邪? 今女衣服既盛,颜色充盈,天下且孰肯谏女矣!子路趋而出,改服而入,盖犹若也。 孔子曰:“由志之!吾语汝:奋于言者华,奋于行者伐,色知而有能者,小人也。 故君子知之曰知之,不知曰不知,言之要也;能之曰能之,不能曰不能,行之至也。 言要则知,行至则仁;既仁且知,夫恶有不足矣哉!”
子路入,子曰:“由!知者若何?仁者若何?”子路对曰:“知者使人知己, 仁者使人爱己。”子曰:“可谓士矣。”子贡入,子曰:“赐!知者若何?仁者若 何?”子贡对曰:“知者知人,仁者爱人。”子曰:“可谓士君子矣。”颜渊入, 子曰:“回!知者若何?仁者若何?”颜渊对曰:“知者自知,仁者自爱。”子曰: “可谓明君子矣。”
子路问于孔子曰:“君子亦有忧乎?”孔子曰:“君子其未得也,则乐其意, 既已得之,又乐其治。是以有终生之乐,无一日之忧。小人者其未得也,则忧不得; 既已得之,又恐失之。是以有终身之忧,无一日之乐也。”
ru xiao chu di, ren zhi xiao xing ye。 shang shun xia du, ren zhi zhong xing ye; cong dao bu cong jun, cong yi bu cong fu, ren zhi da xing ye。 ruo fu zhi yi li an, yan yi lei shi, ze ru dao bi yi。 sui yao shun bu neng jia hao mo yu shi yi。 xiao zi suo bu cong ming you san: cong ming ze qin wei, bu cong ming ze qin an, xiao zi bu cong ming nai zhong; cong ming ze qin ru, bu cong ming ze qin rong, xiao zi bu cong ming nai yi; cong ming ze qin shou, bu cong ming ze xiu shi, xiao zi bu cong ming nai jing。 gu ke yi cong ming er bu cong, shi bu zi ye; wei ke yi cong er cong, shi bu zhong ye; ming yu cong bu cong zhi yi, er neng zhi gong jing, zhong xin、 duan que、 yi shen xing zhi, ze ke wei da xiao yi。 chuan yue:“ cong dao bu cong jun, cong yi bu cong fu。” ci zhi wei ye。 gu lao ku、 diao cui er neng wu shi qi jing, zai huo、 huan nan er neng wu shi qi yi, ze bu xing bu shun jian e er neng wu shi qi ai, fei ren ren mo neng xing。 shi yue:“ xiao zi bu kui。” ci zhi wei ye。
lu ai gong wen yu kong zi yue:“ zi cong fu ming, xiao hu? chen cong jun ming, zhen hu?” san wen, kong zi bu dui。 kong zi qu chu yi yu zi gong yue:“ xiang zhe, jun wen qiu ye, yue:‘ zi cong fu ming, xiao hu? chen cong jun ming, zhen hu?’ san wen er qiu bu dui, ci yi wei he ru?” zi gong yue:“ zi cong fu ming, xiao yi。 chen cong jun ming, zhen yi, fu zi you xi dui yan?” kong zi yue:“ xiao ren zai! ci bu shi ye! xi wan cheng zhi guo, you zheng chen si ren, ze feng jiang bu xue; qian cheng zhi guo, you zheng chen san ren, ze she ji bu wei; bai cheng zhi jia, you zheng chen er ren, ze zong miao bu hui。 fu you zheng zi, bu xing wu li; shi you zheng you, bu wei bu yi。 gu zi cong fu, xi zi xiao? chen cong jun, xi chen zhen? shen qi suo yi cong zhi zhi wei xiao、 zhi wei zhen ye。”
zi lu wen yu kong zi yue:“ you ren yu ci, su xing ye mei, geng yun shu yi, shou zu pian zhi, yi yang qi qin, ran er wu xiao zhi ming, he ye?” kong zi yue:“ yi zhe shen bu jing yu? ci bu xun yu? se bu shun yu? gu zhi ren you yan yue:‘ yi yu! mou yu! bu nv liao。’ jin su xing ye mei, geng yun shu yi, shou zu pian zhi, yi yang qi qin, wu ci san zhe, ze he wei er wu xiao zhi ming ye? yi zhe suo you fei ren xie?” kong zi yue:“ you zhi zhi, wu yu nv。 sui you guo shi zhi li, bu neng zi ju qi shen。 fei wu li ye, shi bu ke ye。 gu ru er xing bu xiu, shen zhi zui ye; chu er ming bu zhang, you zhi guo ye。 gu jun zi ru ze du xing, chu ze you xian, he wei er wu xiao zhi ming ye!”
zi lu wen yu kong zi yue:“ lu da fu lian er chuang, li xie?” kong zi yue:“ wu bu zhi ye。” zi lu chu, wei zi gong yue:“ wu yi wei fu zi wu suo bu zhi, fu zi tu you suo bu zhi。” zi gong yue:“ ru he wen zai?” zi lu yue:“ you wen:‘ lu da fu lian er chuang, li xie?’ fu zi yue:‘ wu bu zhi ye。’” zi gong yue: “ wu jiang wei nv wen zhi。” zi gong wen yue:“ lian er chuang, li xie?” kong zi yue;“ fei li ye。” zi gong chu, wei zi lu yue:“ nv wei fu zi wei you suo bu zhi hu! fu zi tu wu suo bu zhi。 nv wen fei ye。 li: ju shi yi bu fei qi da fu。”
zi lu sheng fu er jian kong zi, kong zi yue:“ you, shi ju ju he ye? xi zhe jiang chu yu min shan, qi shi chu ye, qi yuan ke yi lan shang, ji qi zhi jiang zhi jin ye, bu fang zhou, bu bi feng, ze bu ke she ye。 fei wei xia liu shui duo xie? jin nv yi fu ji sheng, yan se chong ying, tian xia qie shu ken jian nv yi! zi lu qu er chu, gai fu er ru, gai you ruo ye。 kong zi yue:“ you zhi zhi! wu yu ru: fen yu yan zhe hua, fen yu xing zhe fa, se zhi er you neng zhe, xiao ren ye。 gu jun zi zhi zhi yue zhi zhi, bu zhi yue bu zhi, yan zhi yao ye; neng zhi yue neng zhi, bu neng yue bu neng, xing zhi zhi ye。 yan yao ze zhi, xing zhi ze ren; ji ren qie zhi, fu e you bu zu yi zai!”
zi lu ru, zi yue:“ you! zhi zhe ruo he? ren zhe ruo he?” zi lu dui yue:“ zhi zhe shi ren zhi ji, ren zhe shi ren ai ji。” zi yue:“ ke wei shi yi。” zi gong ru, zi yue:“ ci! zhi zhe ruo he? ren zhe ruo he?” zi gong dui yue:“ zhi zhe zhi ren, ren zhe ai ren。” zi yue:“ ke wei shi jun zi yi。” yan yuan ru, zi yue:“ hui! zhi zhe ruo he? ren zhe ruo he?” yan yuan dui yue:“ zhi zhe zi zhi, ren zhe zi ai。” zi yue: “ ke wei ming jun zi yi。”
zi lu wen yu kong zi yue:“ jun zi yi you you hu?” kong zi yue:“ jun zi qi wei de ye, ze le qi yi, ji yi de zhi, you le qi zhi。 shi yi you zhong sheng zhi le, wu yi ri zhi you。 xiao ren zhe qi wei de ye, ze you bu de; ji yi de zhi, you kong shi zhi。 shi yi you zhong shen zhi you, wu yi ri zhi le ye。”
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